Surah Ar Rad

IQuran ingumbhalo wenkolo yamaSulumane ophakathi nendawo, okholelwa amaSulumane njengesambulo esivela kuNkulunkulu (Allah). [11] Kuthathwa kabanzi njengomsebenzi oncomekayo ezincwadini zakudala zesi-Arabhu. [12] [13] [iv] [v] Ihlelwe ngezahluko eziyi-114 (surah (سور; singular: سورة, sūrah)), equkethe amavesi (āyāt (آيات; ubunye: آية, āyah)).

AmaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi i-Quran yembulwe ngomlomo nguNkulunkulu kumprofethi wokugcina, uMuhammad, ngengelosi enkulu uGabriyeli (Jibril), [16] [17] ngokuqhubekayo esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-23, kusukela ngenyanga kaRamadan, [18] lapho uMuhammad eneminyaka engama-40; futhi siphetha ngo-632, unyaka wokufa kwakhe. [11] [19] [20] AmaSulumane abheka iQuran njengesimangaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sikaMuhammad; [21] kanye nomvuthwandaba wochungechunge lwemiyalezo yaphezulu eqala ngaleyo eyembulelwe u-Adam, kubandakanya iTawrah (Torah), iZabur ("AmaHubo") kanye ne-Injil ("iVangeli"). Igama elithi Quran livela cishe izikhathi ezingama-70 embhalweni ngokwawo, kanti amanye amagama namagama kuthiwa abhekise kwiQuran. [22]

I-Quran icatshangwa amaSulumane ukuthi ayigcini nje ngokuphefumulelwa ngokwaphezulu, kodwa yizwi likaNkulunkulu elingokoqobo. [23] UMuhammad akazange ayibhale njengoba wayengazi ukuthi angayibhala kanjani. Ngokwesiko, abangane bakaMuhammad abaningana basebenza njengababhali, beqopha izambulo. [24] Ngemuva nje kokushona komprofethi, iQuran yahlanganiswa ngabangane, ababebhale phansi noma babamba ngekhanda izingxenye zayo. [25] UCaliph Uthman wasungula uhlobo olujwayelekile, manje olwaziwa ngokuthi i-Uthmanic codex, evame ukubhekwa njenge-archetype yeQuran eyaziwa namuhla. Kukhona, nokho, ukufundwa okwahlukahlukene, okunomehluko omncane encazelweni. [24]

I-Quran iqala ukujwayela izindaba ezinkulu ezilandiswa emibhalweni yeBhayibheli neye-apocrypha. Ifingqa okunye, ihlala isikhathi eside kwabanye futhi, kwezinye izimo, iveza amanye ama-akhawunti nokuhumusha kwemicimbi. [26] [27] I-Quran izichaza njengencwadi yokuqondisa isintu (2: 185). Kwesinye isikhathi inikeza ukulandisa okuningiliziwe kwemicimbi ethile yomlando, futhi ivame ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuziphatha komcimbi ngokulandelana ngokulandelana kwawo. [28] Ukwengeza iQuran ngezincazelo zezindaba ezithile eziyimfihlakalo zeQuran, kanye nezinqumo ezinikeza isisekelo se-sharia (umthetho wamaSulumane) emahlelweni amaningi amaSulumane, [29] [vi] ama-hadiths — amasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo nangokubhaliwe okukholelwa ukuthi achaza amagama nezenzo UMuhammad. [Vii] [29] Ngesikhathi semikhuleko, i-Quran ishiwo ngesi-Arabhu kuphela. [30]

Umuntu obambe ngekhanda lonke i-Quran ubizwa nge-hafiz ('memorizer'). I-ayah (ivesi le-Quranic) kwesinye isikhathi ifundwa ngenhlobo ekhethekile ye-elocution ebekelwe le njongo, ebizwa nge-tajwid. Phakathi nenyanga yeRamadan, amaSulumane ngokujwayelekile aqedelela ukuphindaphinda kweQuran yonke ngesikhathi semithandazo ye-tarawih. Ukuze bachaze incazelo yevesi elithile le-Quranic, amaSulumane athembele ekuchazeni, noma ekuhlaziyweni (tafsir), kunokuhumusha okuqondile kombhalo. [31]