Frankenstein

Ishicilelwe ngo-1818, i-Frankenstein imile njengombhalo ophelele kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezinganekwane ze-Gothic nesayensi. Ibhalwe nguMary Shelley, le noveli ehlasimulisayo ihlolisisa ukujula kwesifiso somuntu, imingcele yokuhlola kwesayensi, kanye nemiphumela yokudlala unkulunkulu.

Indaba izungeza usosayensi onesifiso sokuvelela uVictor Frankenstein, ophishekela ulwazi olungaphezi kumholela ocwaningweni lwesibindi: ufuna ukunqoba ukufa uqobo. Eqhutshwa isifiso sokuvula izimfihlo zokuphila, uVictor uhlanganisa isidalwa esifana nomuntu ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezivuselelwe kabusha. Kodwa lesi senzo sokudala siqala uchungechunge lwezenzakalo eziyoshintsha phakade ukuphila kwakhe nokuphila kwalabo abamzungezile.

Le noveli iqhubeka ngochungechunge lwezincwadi nokulandisa, ilandisa ngohambo lukaVictor olusuka endaweni eneqhwa ye-Swiss Alps kuya ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezimnyama zase-Ingolstadt. Indalo yakhe, inunu engashiwongo ngegama, iba yisithunzi esidabukisayo—esilahlwa umphakathi, esilangazelela ukwamukelwa nokuqonda. Njengoba isidalwa sizulazula emkhathini oyincithakalo, silwa nobukhona baso kanye nokuhlushwa esikutholayo.

U-Shelley weluka ngobuhlakani izingqikithi zezimiso zokuziphatha zesayensi, imvelo yentokozo enkulu, kanye nemiphumela yesifiso sokuvelela esingavinjelwe enkambweni yokulandisa kwakhe. Ngokwasemuva kweYurophu yasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, uphakamisa imibuzo ejulile mayelana nemingcele yolwazi lomuntu kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ehambisana nokusebenzisa amandla anjalo.

Isimo sale noveli esivusa amadlingozi—lapho iziqongo zeqhwa zihlangana khona namalabhorethri amnyama—sibonisa imizabalazo yangaphakathi ebhekene nabalingiswa bayo. Njengoba i-Industrial Revolution nentuthuko yesayensi kwakheka kabusha umphakathi, i-*Frankenstein* iba ukubonakaliswa kokukhathazeka kwamasiko kwesikhathi sayo. Ukuhlola kukaShelley okunye—kokubili esesimweni senunu kanye nesimo sengqondo sikaVictor—kusasebenza nanamuhla.

UFrankenstein ugqugquzele ukujwayela okuningi, okuhlanganisa izinguqulo zefilimu eyisakhiwo sodumo njengeyakudala yango-1931 eqondiswe nguJames Whale, ehlanganisa u-Boris Karloff njengesilo esingasoze salibaleka. Ngale kwe-cinema, ukuhunyushwa kabusha kwesimanje ezincwadini, ifilimu, nakweminye imidiya kuyaqhubeka nokuhlola amatimu ka-Shelley, kuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha.

Kule ndaba yokufuna ukuvelela, indalo, kanye nenyamazana, uShelley usikhumbuza ukuthi izenzo zethu zinemiphumela—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sifuna ukudelela ukufa noma ukudala ukuphila. Njengoba silunguza kwalasha wokutholwa kwesayensi, kufanele sinyathele ngokucophelela, ngoba umugqa phakathi komdali nendalo uyafiphala, futhi imiphumela ingase ibe mibi kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo.
Ungafunda ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi