The book takes a holistic approach, integrating technological, environmental, and geopolitical perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of the REE supply chain. It progresses by first introducing REE properties and applications, then delves into mining processes and their environmental consequences, like habitat destruction and water contamination. A significant portion focuses on refining processes and the hazardous byproducts they produce, followed by discussions on technological advancements and policy recommendations for responsible REE management. This approach allows readers to grasp the complexities of REE extraction and the need for sustainable solutions.