An Essay Upon Projects

Daniel Defoe

2025년 2월 · 문학일독

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Daniel Defoe’s An Essay Upon Projects is a practical treatise written in the late 17th century, showcasing his innovative thoughts on economic and social reforms. The work explores various proposals aimed at advancing societal progress and moral well-being, covering topics such as the establishment of banks, taxation systems, and educational structures. Defoe presents the concept of “projecting” as a response to societal needs and economic challenges, particularly highlighting the impact of war-induced economic downturns on merchants and the general population. He argues that economic crises often lead to a surge in creative ideas, using historical examples and personal experiences to support his claims. Throughout the text, he establishes a strong connection between entrepreneurial spirit and social responsibility, emphasizing the role of individuals in shaping a better society. Key discussions in the book include proposals for founding banks, improving public infrastructure, and addressing poverty, all aimed at fostering broader social development. Defoe’s insights remain relevant even today, offering a practical approach to social reform and economic governance, making this work a timeless examination of progress and responsibility.

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Daniel Defoe (1661–1731) was an English writer, journalist, and trader, best known as the author of Robinson Crusoe (1719), one of the earliest English novels. Born into a family of dissenters, he engaged in various business ventures but faced frequent financial troubles. He was also a prolific political pamphleteer, often expressing controversial opinions that led to his imprisonment. Defoe’s works reflect his keen interest in economics, politics, and human survival, blending fiction with realism. Besides Robinson Crusoe, his other notable works include Moll Flanders (1722) and A Journal of the Plague Year (1722). His writing style combined adventure with social commentary, influencing the development of the modern novel. Despite his literary success, he struggled with debts throughout his life. His impact on literature remains significant, as he pioneered realistic storytelling and first-person narration, shaping the English novel tradition.