Girmitiyas and the Global Indian Diaspora: Origins, Memories, and Identity

Ashutosh Kumar is an Associate Professor of History at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. His publications include Coolies of the Empire: Indentured Indians in the Sugar Colonies, 1830-1920 (Cambridge University Press, 2017); The Indian Labour Diaspora: A Resource Text for Students (Edinburgh University Press, 2017); Indian Soldiers in the Global Conflict: Re-visiting the First World War (Routledge, 2020) and Warfare and Society in British India, 1757-1947 (Routledge, 2022).

Crispin Bates is a Professor of modern and contemporary South Asian history at the University of Edinburgh and a Research Professor at Sunway University in Malaysia. He has authored, co-authored and edited a total of 15 books including a history of South Asia from 1600 to the present entitled Subalterns and Raj: South Asia since 1600 (2007), and a series of seven volumes concerning the history of the Indian Uprising of 1857, entitled Mutiny at the Margins (2013-17).