Monograph (essays) on the impact of payment systems on employment, income distribution and poverty in developing countries - examines land tenure in Iran, Islamic Republic, economic growth in the Philippines and Taiwan, China, public enterprise in Bangladesh, structural change and rural cooperatives in Peru, cooperative farming in Israel, rural development, collective farming in the USSR, etc., and discusses the influence of choice of technology and population growth as well as of the urban area informal sector. Diagrams, graphs and references.