Grammar Uses Version (updated)

While Greek is a participle-rich language, this translation will provide only one usage, but the notes will mention other possible translations to offer further alternatives.

Nouns and adjectives: Nominatives serve as subjects of the verbs; genitives indicate possession by other nouns; datives function as indirect objects of the verb; and accusatives are direct objects. These are standard interpretations, though exceptions exist as in all languages.

Second-person personal pronouns: 'You' (you) when used as the subject corresponds to 'you (singular) and '%you' (plural). For possession, 'your' (singular) and '%your' (plural) are used. As direct objects, 'you' (singular) and '%you' (plural) are employed.

Verbs:

Greek grammar features six tenses: Present (is doing), Imperfect (was doing), Aorist (which in the notes indicates the past – did), Perfect (have done), Pluperfect (had done), and Future (will/shall do).

There are six moods: Indicative (normal), Participle (present: doing; aorist: having done, also future and perfect), Infinitive (present: to be doing; aorist: to have done), Imperative (present: keep doing or stop doing; aorist: do or do not), Subjunctive (present: may do; aorist: might do), and Optative (may do with wishful thinking).

Three voices are present: Active, Middle, and Passive.

Given Greek's affinity for participles, it's beneficial to grasp their syntactical uses.

PARTICIPLES:

Time (while: with the present tense; after: with the aorist tense), Means, Manner, Purpose, Result, Cause (because), Concession (although), Substantive, Attendant Circumstance (and), Periphrastic Participle, Indirect Discourse, Adjectival Participle, Redundant (Appositional) Absolute, Genitive Absolute / Nominative Absolute, and Imperatival.

INFINITIVES:

Complementary, Purpose, Result, Causal, Time, Subject, Indirect Discourse, Appositional, Direct Object, and Imperatival.