Karl Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist who left an indelible mark on social and political thought. His critical theories about society, economics, and politics, collectively understood as Marxism, propose that human societies progress through class struggle, a conflict between the bourgeoisie that controls the means of production and the proletariat that works on them. Marx's magnum opus, 'Das Kapital', illuminates the workings of capitalist society, the source and nature of the exploitation of labor, and the inevitable crises arising from the capitalist mode of production. 'The Capital', as it's often referred to, delves deep into theories of surplus value, capital accumulation, and the declining rate of profit, challenging the structures of capitalism and its socio-economic implications. This seminal work is foundational to Marxist economics and remains a critical text for scholars of labor and political economy. Marx's literary style combines rigorous scientific analysis with an intense passion for social justice, creating a powerful synthesis that has inspired countless political movements and academic disciplines. Although 'The Capital' remains his most notable work, Marx's other writings, including 'The Communist Manifesto' and 'The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon,' also showcase his belief in the potential for workers to overthrow the capitalist system and create a classless society.