This publication by the World Health Organization (WHO) outlines the principles and guidelines for conducting national surveys to monitor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human bloodstream infections. It serves as a global framework for surveillance, aiming to collect standardized data on AMR prevalence and distribution across different regions and populations. The document highlights the importance of these surveys in addressing the global health threat posed by AMR, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It provides detailed guidance on survey design, such as sampling strategies, data collection, analysis, and ethical considerations. The work is intended for policymakers, public health officials, and researchers involved in AMR surveillance and aims to strengthen global efforts to combat drug-resistant infections.