About this ebook
The final section addresses criminal law, judicial institutions, and the detailed structure of governance. It specifies standards of crime and punishment, legal procedures, and administrative systems. The philosophical scope broadens to the relation between law and justice, the nature of the soul, and the essence of virtue and happiness. Unlike the Socratic dialogues, Laws focuses heavily on institutional design while still aiming at virtuous living. It concludes by affirming that through law, both individuals and the community may approach divine order.
About the author
Plato was born around 428 BCE in Athens and became a disciple of Socrates, deepening philosophical thought with his central idea of Forms, which sought truth beyond the sensory world. He founded the Academy, the first higher learning institution in the West, where philosophy, mathematics, and politics were taught, laying the foundation of Western intellectual tradition. In works such as The Republic and The Symposium, he explored justice, the soul, love, and the ideal state, profoundly shaping political philosophy and ethics. His influence extended to later thinkers like Aristotle, forming the roots of Western philosophy. He died around 348 BCE, yet his ideas continue to live on across philosophy and the humanities.
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