CHEMISTRY-PHYSICAL, INORGANIC, ORGANIC-HINDI: CHEMISTRY-HINDI

Logarithmic relations (rules and types), use of log table and antilog table in calculations, curve sketching, straight line and linear graphs, calculation of slopes. Differentiation of functions like Kx, ex, Xn, sin x, log x; multiplication and division in differentiation, maxima and minima, partial differentiation. Integration of some useful/ relevant functions; Factorials, Probability.

(B) Gaseous States and Molecular Velocities :

Critical Phenomena : PV isotherms of ideal gases, Andrew's experiment, continuity of state, the isotherms of van der Waals equation, relationship between critical constants and van der Waals constants.

Molecular velocities : Root mean square, average and most probable velocities, Qualitative discussion of the Maxwell's distribution of molecular velocities, collision numbers, mean free path and collision diameter.

Unit – II (A) Liquid State :

Intermolecular forces, structure of liquids (a qualitative description). Liquid crystals : Difference between liquid crystal, solid and liquid. Classification, structure of nematic and cholestric phases. Thermography and seven segment cells.

(B) Solid States :

Definition of space lattice, Unit cell. Laws of crystallography—(i) Law of constancy of interfacial angles, (ii) Law of rationality of indices, (iii) Law of symmetry, Symmetry elements in crystals. Ionic solid structures, radius ratio effect and coordination number, limitations of radius rule, lattice defects. Bragg's Law, X-ray diffraction by crystals, structure of NaCl, ZnS and CsCl.

Unit – III Chemical Kinetics :

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:

Chemical kinetics and its scope, rate of a reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction—concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent, light and catalyst. Dependence of rate on concentration, mathematical characteristics of simple chemical reactions–zero order, first order, second order, pseudo order, half-life and mean life. Determination of the order of reaction. Differential method, Integration method and half life method. Study of chemical kinetics by polarimetry and spectrophotometery. Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy. Simple collision theory, transition state theory (equilibrium hypothesis).

Unit – IV Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry :

Natural and artificial radioactivity, radioactive radiations, detection and measurement of radioactive radiations, theory of radioactivity. Group displacement law of soddy, radioactive disintegration, nuclear reactions, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, half life period, isotope, isobars and isomers, application of radiochemistry.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY :

Unit–I (A) I. Atomic Structure :

Dual nature of matter idea of de Broglie matter waves, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, atomic orbitals, Schrödinger wave equation, significance of y and y2, quantum numbers, radial and angular wave functions and probability distribution curves, shapes of s, p, d, orbitals, Aufbau and Pauli exclusion principles, Hund's multiplicity rule, Electronic configurations of the elements, effective nuclear charge.

(B) Periodic Properties :

Atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity definition, methods of determination or evaluation, trends in periodic table and applications in predicting and explaining the chemical behaviour.

Unit–II Chemical Bonding—I

(A) Covalent Bond—Valence bond theory and its limitations, directional characteristics of covalent bond, various types of hybridization and shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions. Valence shall electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to NH3, H3O+, SF4, CIF3 and H2O, MO theory, homonuclear and heteronuclear (CO and NO)4 diatomic molecules, multicenter bonding in electron deficient molecules, bond strength and bond energy.

Unit–III 1. Chemical Bonding—II

(B) Ionic Solids—Ionic structures, radius ratio effect and coordination number, limitation of radius ratio rule, lattice defects, semiconductors, lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, polarizing power and polarisability of ions, Fajan's rule. Metallic bond-free electron, valence bond and band theories.

(C) Weak Interactions – Hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces.

2. Chemistry of Noble Gasses :

Chemical properties of the noble gases, chemistry of xenon, structure and bonding in xenon compounds.

Unit–IV 1. s-Block Elements :

Comparative study, Li and Mg diagonal relationship, salient features of hydrides, solvation and complexation tendencies including their function in biosystems, an introduction to alkyls and aryls.

2. p-Block Elements Part-I :

Comparative study Be and Al (including diagonal relationship) of groups 13-17 elements, compounds like hydrides, oxides, oxyacids and halides of group 13-16.

Unit–V p-Block Elements Part-II :

Hydrides of boron-diborane and higher boranes, borazine, borohydrides. Fullerenes, fluorocarbons, silicates (structural principle), tetrasulphur tetranitride, basic properties of halogens, interhalogens and polyhalides.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY:

Unit–I (A) Structure and Bonding :

Hybridization, bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bond, Aromaticity, Antiaromaticity, resonances, hyperconjugation, inductive, electromeric, mesomeric and steric effects.

(B) Mechanism of Organic Reactions :

Homolytic and heterolytic bond fission. Types of reagents—electrophiles and nucleophiles. Types of organic reactions, energy considerations. 

Reactive intermediates—Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples). 

Methods of determination of reaction mechanism—active intermediate products, isotope effects, kinetic and stereo chemical studies.

Unit–II Alkanes and Cycloalkanes :

IUPAC nomenclature of branched and unbranched alkanes, classification of alkanes. Isomerism in alkanes, methods of formation (with special reference to Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, Corey-House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids), physical properties and chemical reactions of alkanes, conformation of alkanes, Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes.

Cycloalkanes—Nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions, Baeyer's strain theory and its limitations. Theory of strainless rings. The case of cyclopropane ring : Banana bonds, conformation of cycloalkanes.

Unit–II Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Dienes :

Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of formation—Mechanism of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halids, regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The Saytzeff rule, Hofmann elimination, physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes.

Chemical reactions of alkenes—mechanism involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions, Markownikoff's rule, hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration reduction. Epoxidation, ozonolysis. Polymerization of alkenes. Substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes. Industrial applications of ethylene and propene. 

Methods of formation, conformation and chemical reactions of cycloalkenes.

Nomenclature and classification of dienes—isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of formation, polymerization. Chemical reaction—1, 2 and 1, 4 additions, Diels-Alder reaction.

Unit–IV Alkynes and Alkyl Halides

Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidity of alkynes, Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration oxidation, metal-ammonia reductions, oxidation and polymerization.

Nomenclature and classification of alkyl halides, methods of formation, chemical reactions. Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, SN1 and SN2 reactions with energy profile diagrams, 

Elimination reaction polyhalogen compounds—Methods of preparation and properties of Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.

Unit–V Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds :

Concept of isomerism, Types of isomerism. Optical isomerism—elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic center, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, disasteromers, threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomer, inversion, retention and recemization.

Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature. 

Geometric isomerism—determination of configuration of geometric isomers, E & Z system of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds.