Graph theory is the study of networks comprising nodes (vertices) and their connections (edges). It is instrumental in analyzing the structure, pathways, and properties of these networks. This paper explores two significant problems in graph theory: the domination number and the chromatic number. The domination number represents the smallest subset of vertices such that every vertex in the graph is either included in this subset or adjacent to at least one vertex within it. The chromatic number, on the other hand, refers to the minimum number of colors needed to color a graph such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color. Additionally, the paper introduces and examines uncertain graph models, including Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Turiyam Neutrosophic, and Plithogenic graphs. It further investigates their respective domination and chromatic numbers, providing insights into these advanced graph concepts.