Tuberculosis

The book introduces TB as an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that spreads through the air. It explains the difference between latent and active TB, why the lungs are most often affected, and how the bacteria can spread to other organs through the blood and lymphatic system.

Forms of the disease are described, including pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, systemic miliary tuberculosis, and tuberculosis osteomyelitis (Pott’s disease). Conditions that may result from TB, such as meningitis, hepatitis, pericarditis, Addison’s disease, and arthritis, are also outlined.

Symptoms such as fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis are explained along with complications like optic neuritis, bronchiectasis, and hepatitis. The book also discusses drug resistance and why strict treatment adherence is critical.

Diagnostic methods covered include sputum examination, chest X-ray, culture tests, tuberculin skin test, and interferon gamma release assays. Treatment approaches with medications such as Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin are explained, together with their side effects and duration of therapy.

This book will be useful for students, healthcare workers, and individuals who want to learn about tuberculosis, its risks, and how it can be managed.