Supporting disclosure among children and adolescents living with HIV: interventions, emerging considerations, key gaps and key actions
World Health Organization
Jul 2025 · World Health Organization
Ebook
48
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About this ebook
Children and adolescents, experience persistent challenges to HIV testing, linkage to care, and retention. One critical gap for children and adolescents aged 6–19 is disclosure of HIV status. Being aware of one’s own HIV status, as well as being able to share this with others safely and when ready, is key to closing gaps in prevention and care and enhancing. treatment outcomes. Disclosing HIV status to children and adolescents is a critical first step to building health literacy and empowering them to be engaged in and lead decision-making about their own health. This capability is essential to lifelong health. Despite emerging resources that provide guidance on supporting disclosure for children and adolescents, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of approaches to support HIV status disclosure to, and by, children and adolescents. Building on the WHO guidelines for disclosure to children up to age 12 in 2011, this implementation guidance provides evidence on existing interventions that support children and adolescents living with HIV in the process of disclosure. It includes interventions that focuses on safe disclosure, as well as supporting children and adolescents with onwards disclosure. Specifically, this brief collates existing interventions via a scoping review; assesses key interventions through a realist evaluation lens, identifying what works, for whom, and in what contexts; and highlights emerging considerations, key gaps, and key actions.
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