This publication by the World Health Organization (WHO) is part of a technical series that addresses the health impacts of climate change, specifically focusing on diarrhoeal diseases. It serves as a guide for conducting vulnerability and adaptation assessments (VA) to mitigate the health impacts of climate-sensitive conditions. The document outlines the steps necessary to assess current and future risks of diarrhoeal diseases influenced by climate variability, such as increased temperatures, intense rainfall, and droughts. It provides resources for identifying vulnerable populations, establishing health baselines, and developing adaptation strategies. The intended audience includes public health officials, policymakers, and researchers involved in climate change and health sectors.