Multiple Sclerosis

The book describes multiple sclerosis as a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, damaging the myelin sheath around neurons. Readers will learn how this disrupts nerve signals and produces a wide range of symptoms. It also explains the difference between progressive relapsing, relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, and secondary progressive types.

Signs and symptoms are outlined, including tremors, spasms, numbness, speech problems, vision disturbances, coordination difficulties, paralysis, vertigo, bladder and bowel issues, depression, and intolerance to heat. The book also highlights conditions linked with MS, such as dysphagia, ataxia, Lhermitte’s sign, optic neuritis, diplopia, and Uhthoff’s sign.

Complications and life expectancy are addressed, along with diagnostic methods such as MRI and lumbar puncture. Treatments are described, including corticosteroids, beta interferons, antivirals, antibiotics, betablockers, muscle relaxants, plasmapheresis, physical therapy, and vitamin D.

This book provides explanations that will benefit students, healthcare workers, and readers interested in understanding multiple sclerosis and its management.