Vedic Cosmology: The Universe according to Ancient Hindu Scriptures

At the heart of Vedic cosmology lies the concept of Brahman, the ultimate reality that serves as both the material and efficient cause of the universe. Brahman is described as existence-consciousness-bliss absolute, a unified field of pure awareness from which all phenomena emerge and into which they eventually dissolve. This is not a personal deity but rather the very essence of being itself, the unchanging foundation upon which the entire cosmic drama unfolds. The Vedic seers understood that this absolute reality manifests through various levels of existence, creating the appearance of multiplicity while remaining fundamentally one.

The creative process begins with the emergence of Hiranyagarbha, the cosmic golden egg or womb, from the depths of Brahman's infinite potential. This primordial matrix contains within itself all the possibilities of manifestation, much like a seed contains the entire tree in potential form. From Hiranyagarbha emerges Brahma, the creative aspect of divinity, who begins the process of cosmic manifestation through the power of thought and word. The Vedic understanding recognizes that creation is fundamentally a mental process, with the universe being projected from cosmic consciousness like a dream arising from the mind of a dreamer.