Epilepsy and Seizures

The book introduces seizures as abnormal and uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain and distinguishes them from epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder. It outlines possible causes including tumors, hypoglycemia, stroke, dehydration, infections, trauma, pregnancy, stress, and congenital factors.

Different seizure types are described, such as partial (focal) seizures, generalized seizures, tonic, atonic, clonic, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and absence seizures. Special conditions like status epilepticus and secondary generalized seizures are also discussed, along with their urgency as medical emergencies.

The text explains neurotransmitters like glutamate and GABA, how they influence seizure activity, and complications such as Todd’s paralysis. It also presents the stages of seizures, from prodromal symptoms to the post-ictal phase, with details about their duration and signs.

Diagnostic methods include EEG, MRI, CT, PET scans, and clinical history. Treatment options are described, covering anticonvulsants, nerve stimulation, surgery, and lifestyle considerations.

A reference for students, healthcare workers, and general audiences who want to learn about epilepsy, seizure types, complications, and modern treatment approaches.