Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) was a pioneer of nonviolent civil disobedience and a spiritual and political leader during the Indian independence movement. His principles included an emphasis on truth, nonviolence, faith, simplicity, and purity. Most famously, in his effort to free Indians from the colonialist grasp of Great Britain, Gandhi led a boycott against British salt and, along with thousands of Indians, walked almost 250 miles to the sea to gather his own. He was assassinated in January of 1948.