Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin (1814–1876) was a Russian revolutionary, philosopher, and one of the founding figures of anarchist theory. A fierce critic of both capitalism and Marxist authoritarianism, Bakunin promoted stateless socialism based on voluntary cooperation. His ideas on freedom, anti-clericalism, and anti-authoritarianism have had a lasting impact on radical political thought. His most notable works include God and the State, Statism and Anarchy, and his numerous letters and essays on revolution and liberty.