Fracture

The book introduces fracture as a break or crack in a bone caused by trauma, falls, injuries, or medical conditions such as osteoporosis and bone cancer. It describes bone structure, including cortical bone, spongy bone, periosteum, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, as well as the role of the growth plate in children.

Different kinds of fractures are explained, such as open, closed, complete, incomplete, greenstick, comminuted, transverse, oblique, spiral, displaced, non-displaced, and linear fractures. Signs and symptoms are described, including pain, swelling, deformity, bleeding, and difficulty moving the injured area.

The stages of fracture healing are outlined: hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, and remodeling. The book also highlights diagnostic methods such as X-rays and the use of treatments including immobilization, analgesics, ice, traction, osteosynthesis, and fixation devices.

Complications such as infection, nerve damage, embolism, compartment syndrome, paralysis, fat embolism, and osteomyelitis are also discussed.

This book will appeal to students, healthcare workers, and anyone interested in learning about fractures, their risks, and the ways they are treated.