Anatomy and Physiology : The Cardiovascular System

The book introduces the heart, blood, and blood vessels, describing how the system functions as a closed circuit to circulate blood. It explains systole, diastole, cardiac output, and the phases of the cardiac cycle. The roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries are outlined, along with how valves, pressure differences, and muscle activity regulate blood flow.

Key topics include the composition of blood, the function of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes, and the importance of plasma in transporting nutrients and gases. The text also covers electrocardiograms, hemostasis, erythropoiesis, and the role of hormones in blood pressure regulation.

Common cardiovascular conditions are explained, such as anemia, arrhythmia, hypovolemia, myocarditis, endocarditis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and angina pectoris.

This book will interest students, health science learners, and those studying anatomy and physiology who want to understand the cardiovascular system, its functions, and related disorders.